Fred does not follow some of the directives imposed by the direct care staff. A behavior analyst has been asked to put a program in place that will get Fred to comply with all directives. The behavior analyst should FIRST
A. differentiate between compliance rates across different directives.
B. request that staff provide a ratio of compliant behaviors to noncompliant ones.
C. determine a list of potential reinforcers for the behavior program.
D. consider the ethical implications of training Fred to comply with all directives.
What is the reinforcing consequence in "I itch, therefore I scratch?"
A. automatic positive reinforcement
B. automatic negative reinforcement
C. proprioceptive positive reinforcement
D. proprioceptive negative reinforcement
When Katie was learning how to stir-fry vegetables, her hand brushed the side of the very hot pan and she now refuses to make stir-fried vegetables. Her refusal is a result oF.
A. negative punishment.
B. negative reinforcement.
C. conditioned punishment.
D. unconditioned punishment.
This graph BEST exemplifies:
A. clear demonstration of an effective intervention.
B. a decrease in variability due to the intervention.
C. a change in the level between baseline and intervention phases.
D. a change in the trend between baseline and intervention phases.
A teacher gives a student a piece of paper and asks him to draw a picture. To request a crayon, the student looks at the teacher and says, "Crayon." In response to this, the teacher replies, "Say, 'Crayon please'." The student complies with the request and the teacher gives them a crayon. This exchange is an example oF.
A. coincidental teaching.
B. incidental teaching.
C. precision teaching.
D. vicarious teaching.
Clifford's lawn work is steady and up to standard as long as his work is verbally praised approximately every twelfth completed mower circuit. However, at times the crew chief is unable to praise his work at that moment. When praise is not forthcoming, Clifford usually stops working. The best way to facilitate maintenance and generalization of Clifford's work, using a selfmanagement technique, would be to:
A. have fellow workers provide praise when Clifford stops working.
B. have the crew chief use a variable schedule of reinforcement.
C. increase the delay in reinforcement until the afternoon.
D. teach Clifford how to request reinforcement for the target behavior.
Three boys with autism, ages 710 years old, served as participants in a study. During baseline, staff used response blocking when five instances of aggression or head-banging occurred within 10 seconds, until attempts ceased for 1 minute.
During baseline and treatment, each occurrence of aggression and head- banging was recorded daily and converted to the number of responses per hour. Treatment comprised a differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior (DRI)
schedule coupled with response blocking after every head-banging or aggression. The staff initially applied the treatment to head-banging, while continuing to take a baseline on aggression. After noting treatment effects on head-banging, the
staff then applied the treatment to aggression.
In this scenario, how was direct replication shown?
A. Baseline and intervention conditions were included.
B. A baseline condition was implemented.
C. A changing criterion design was used wherein the criterion for reinforcement was gradually changed over time.
D. The intervention was implemented in a staggered fashion across target behaviors after the initial baseline.
Intraverbal behavior is controlled by A.
A. verbal stimulus; the behavior does not match that stimulus; and the reinforcer is non-specific.
B. verbal stimulus; the behavior matches that stimulus; and the reinforcer is specific.
C. verbal stimulus; the behavior matches that stimulus; and the reinforcer is non-specific.
D. verbal stimulus; the behavior does not match that stimulus; and the reinforcer is specific.
A behavior analyst and others are planning to identify long term outcomes for Mike. Assuming all of the following are relevant to Mike, which is the BEST long term outcome?
A. Mike will learn to play a board game of his choice.
B. Mike will brush his teeth with 60% accuracy within 30 minutes following breakfast.
C. Mike will independently travel and participate in activities with friends.
D. Mike will speak at a level audible to people standing within 2 - 3 feet of him within 30 days.
A behavior analyst is developing a generalization procedure for a newly mastered response. What strategy should be included in the procedure?
A. positive practice
B. reinforcement
C. limited exemplars
D. self-mediation
