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In ferns, the joining of egg and sperm produces a zygote, which will grow into the:

A. Gametophyte

B. Sporophyte

C. Seedling

D. Sporangium

E. Spore

Given the following reaction conditions, which statement is most accurate?

A. The reaction follows first-order kinetics and is a concerted reaction.

B. The reaction follows first-order kinetics and involves formation of a carbocation.

C. The reaction follows second-order kinetics and is concerted.

D. The reaction follows second-order kinetics and involves formation of a carbocation.

Since 1997, the American Heart Association (AHA) has attempted to increase awareness about cardiovascular disease (CVD) among women. Fortunately, great progress has been made to educate individuals about CVD and its consequences. According to the AHA's 2011 Guidelines for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Women, the misconception that CVD is a "man's disease" has been somewhat disproved, as awareness among the general public increased from 30% in 1997 to 54% in 2009. Unfortunately, CVD continues to be the leading cause of death in the United States for both men and women. Since 1984, the number of deaths related to CVD in women exceeded those in men. In the United States, CVD death rates among women aged 35 to 54 years appear to be increasing by 1% annually, which is most likely attributable to the escalating obesity epidemic. According to the AHA, even though CVD is the number 1 cause of death among women, only 13% of women perceive CVD as a health threat. CVD is responsible for more deaths among women than the next 3 leading causes of death combined, including all forms of cancer. Due to the ongoing prevalence of CVD, increasing awareness and understanding of CVD, especially among the female population, is still a top priority for many health care professionals. As one of the most accessible health care professionals, pharmacists are in a pivotal position to educate and inform their patients of the risks associated with CVD, possible drug therapies, and preventive measures. The AHA has set a goal for 2020 to improve cardiovascular health in all Americans by 20%, while reducing deaths from CVD and stroke by 20%. According to the American Heart Association, in the United States a woman dies of some form of CVD every minute and more than 1 in 3 females have some form of CVD. Studies have demonstrated that gender differences may play an important role in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of CVD. Unfortunately, many women may not always recognize the warning signs and symptoms of a heart attack because they sometimes appear more subtle when compared with those typically experienced by men. Results from a study of 515 women who had heart attacks report that 43% did not experience any type of chest pain or pressure during the heart attack. Although the classic symptoms include chest pain, tingling in the left arm, sweating, and shortness of breath, women may also experience some "atypical" symptoms, such as extreme fatigue, nausea, dizziness, indigestion, vomiting, and pain in the neck or back. By learning and recognizing the warning signs, women can take a proactive approach to their cardiovascular health and get treatment earlier to prevent further complications.

The author relies upon all of the following EXCEPT which of the following to make his/her argument?

A. Direct quotation

B. Survey

C. Anecdotal evidence

D. Research studies